Stocks SO Financial statements
Financial statementsSOUTHERN CO financial statements
Income statement, balance sheet and cash flow statement for the last 10 fiscal years, taken from the XBRL data SOUTHERN CO files with the SEC in its annual reports.
In USD millions, except per-share amounts. Outflows in the cash flow statement are negative.
Income statement
| FY2016 | FY2017 | FY2018 | FY2019 | FY2020 | FY2021 | FY2022 | FY2023 | FY2024 | FY2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | 19,896 | 23,031 | 25,241 | 22,596 | 21,097 | 23,463 | 29,279 | 25,253 | 26,764 | 29,553 |
| Operating income | 4,486 | 2,333 | 4,191 | 7,736 | 4,885 | 3,698 | 5,370 | 5,826 | 7,068 | 7,285 |
| Interest expense | 1,317 | 1,694 | 1,842 | 1,736 | 1,821 | 1,837 | 2,022 | 2,446 | 2,743 | 3,238 |
| Interest income | 20 | 26 | 38 | 60 | 37 | 22 | 59 | 85 | ||
| Other non-operating income | -1,006 | -1,265 | -1,442 | -1,194 | -1,389 | -1,122 | -1,147 | -1,481 | -1,839 | -2,286 |
| Pre-tax income | 3,480 | 1,068 | 2,749 | 6,542 | 3,496 | 2,576 | 4,223 | 4,345 | 5,229 | 4,999 |
| Income tax | 951 | 142 | 449 | 1,798 | 393 | 267 | 795 | 496 | 969 | 828 |
| Net income to minority interests | 36 | 46 | 58 | -10 | -31 | -99 | -107 | -127 | -141 | -170 |
| Net income | 2,448 | 842 | 2,226 | 4,739 | 3,119 | 2,393 | 3,524 | 3,976 | 4,401 | 4,341 |
| EBITDA | 7,409 | 5,790 | 7,740 | 11,067 | 8,790 | 7,671 | 9,434 | 10,812 | 12,334 | 13,315 |
| EPS, basic | 2.57 | 0.84 | 2.18 | 4.53 | 2.95 | 2.26 | 3.28 | 3.64 | 4.02 | 3.94 |
| EPS, diluted | 2.55 | 0.84 | 2.17 | 4.50 | 2.93 | 2.24 | 3.26 | 3.62 | 3.99 | 3.92 |
| Shares, basic (weighted) | 951 | 1,000 | 1,020 | 1,046 | 1,058 | 1,061 | 1,075 | 1,092 | 1,096 | 1,103 |
| Shares, diluted (weighted) | 958 | 1,008 | 1,025 | 1,054 | 1,065 | 1,068 | 1,081 | 1,098 | 1,102 | 1,109 |
| Dividend per share | 2.22 | 2.30 | 2.38 | 2.46 | 2.54 | 2.62 | 2.70 | 2.78 | 2.86 | 2.94 |
Balance sheet
| FY2016 | FY2017 | FY2018 | FY2019 | FY2020 | FY2021 | FY2022 | FY2023 | FY2024 | FY2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cash and equivalents | 1,975 | 2,130 | 1,396 | 1,975 | 1,065 | 1,798 | 1,917 | 748 | 1,070 | 1,639 |
| Other current assets | 230 | 62 | 162 | 188 | 282 | 231 | 344 | 533 | 476 | 424 |
| Total current assets | 9,722 | 10,072 | 9,583 | 9,817 | 8,617 | 8,965 | 10,416 | 10,432 | 10,694 | 10,917 |
| Property, plant and equipment | 78,446 | 79,872 | 80,797 | 83,080 | 87,634 | 91,108 | 94,570 | 99,844 | ||
| Lease right-of-use assets | 1,800 | 1,802 | 1,701 | 1,531 | 1,432 | 1,386 | 1,358 | |||
| Goodwill | 6,251 | 6,268 | 5,315 | 5,280 | 5,280 | 5,280 | 5,161 | 5,161 | 5,161 | 5,161 |
| Intangible assets | 970 | 873 | 613 | 536 | 487 | 445 | 406 | 368 | 332 | 300 |
| Long-term investments | 11,420 | 11,510 | 10,296 | 10,334 | 10,386 | 10,202 | 9,757 | 9,986 | ||
| Other non-current assets | 1,406 | 1,577 | 1,463 | 1,071 | 1,288 | 1,366 | 1,485 | 1,468 | 1,467 | 1,436 |
| Total assets | 109,697 | 111,005 | 116,914 | 118,700 | 122,935 | 127,534 | 134,891 | 139,331 | 145,180 | 155,720 |
| Accounts payable | 2,228 | 2,530 | 2,580 | 2,115 | 2,312 | 2,169 | 3,525 | 2,898 | 3,701 | 3,710 |
| Short-term debt | 2,587 | 3,892 | 3,198 | 2,989 | 3,507 | 2,157 | 4,285 | 2,476 | 4,718 | 6,220 |
| Total current liabilities | 12,917 | 13,594 | 14,286 | 12,546 | 12,079 | 10,921 | 15,724 | 13,467 | 15,993 | 16,888 |
| Long-term debt | 42,629 | 44,462 | 40,736 | 41,798 | 45,073 | 50,120 | 50,656 | 57,210 | 58,768 | 65,649 |
| Lease liabilities | 1,615 | 1,611 | 1,503 | 1,388 | 1,307 | 1,253 | 1,287 | |||
| Other non-current liabilities | 880 | 691 | 465 | 609 | 696 | 816 | 1,167 | 1,031 | 1,350 | 1,505 |
| Total liabilities | 82,803 | 85,153 | 87,584 | 86,650 | 90,410 | 94,967 | 100,359 | 104,106 | 108,506 | 116,853 |
| Total debt | 45,216 | 48,354 | 43,934 | 44,787 | 48,580 | 52,277 | 54,941 | 59,686 | 63,486 | 71,869 |
| Paid-in capital | 9,661 | 10,469 | 11,094 | 11,734 | 11,834 | 11,950 | 13,673 | 13,775 | 14,149 | 15,740 |
| Retained earnings | 10,356 | 8,885 | 8,706 | 10,877 | 11,311 | 10,929 | 11,538 | 12,482 | 13,750 | 14,856 |
| Treasury stock | -31 | -36 | -38 | -42 | -46 | -47 | -53 | -59 | -59 | -59 |
| Other comprehensive income | -180 | -189 | -203 | -321 | -395 | -237 | -167 | -177 | -78 | -75 |
| Shareholders' equity | 24,758 | 24,167 | 24,723 | 27,505 | 27,972 | 27,874 | 30,408 | 31,444 | 33,208 | 36,016 |
| Minority interests | 1,854 | 1,361 | 4,254 | 4,262 | 4,402 | 4,124 | 3,781 | 3,466 | 2,851 | |
| Total equity | 26,612 | 25,528 | 29,039 | 31,759 | 32,234 | 32,276 | 34,532 | 35,225 | 36,674 | 38,867 |
| Total liabilities and equity | 109,697 | 111,005 | 116,914 | 118,700 | 122,935 | 127,534 | 134,891 | 139,331 | 145,180 | 155,720 |
Cash flow statement
| FY2016 | FY2017 | FY2018 | FY2019 | FY2020 | FY2021 | FY2022 | FY2023 | FY2024 | FY2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net income | 2,529 | 926 | 2,300 | 4,744 | 3,103 | 2,309 | 3,428 | 3,849 | 4,260 | 4,171 |
| Depreciation and amortization | 2,923 | 3,457 | 3,549 | 3,331 | 3,905 | 3,973 | 4,064 | 4,986 | 5,266 | 6,030 |
| Stock-based compensation | 3 | |||||||||
| Deferred income tax | -127 | 166 | 89 | 611 | -241 | -49 | 670 | 416 | 626 | 618 |
| Change in receivables | -544 | -202 | -426 | 630 | -222 | -77 | -771 | 482 | -372 | -124 |
| Change in payables | 301 | -280 | 291 | -693 | -27 | -8 | 1,021 | -863 | 492 | -290 |
| Cash from operations | 4,894 | 6,394 | 6,945 | 5,781 | 6,696 | 6,169 | 6,302 | 7,553 | 9,788 | 9,802 |
| Capital expenditures | -7,310 | -7,423 | -8,001 | -7,555 | -7,522 | -7,586 | -7,923 | -9,095 | -8,955 | -12,737 |
| Acquisitions | -10,680 | -1,054 | -65 | -50 | -81 | -345 | 0 | 0 | -635 | |
| Cash from investing | -20,047 | -7,190 | -5,760 | -3,392 | -7,030 | -7,353 | -8,430 | -9,668 | -9,400 | -13,959 |
| Stock issued | 3,758 | 793 | 1,090 | 844 | 74 | 73 | 1,808 | 36 | 143 | 1,623 |
| Share buybacks | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
| Dividends paid | -2,104 | -2,300 | -2,425 | -2,570 | -2,685 | -2,777 | -2,907 | -3,035 | -2,954 | -3,015 |
| Cash from financing | 15,725 | 951 | -1,813 | -1,930 | -576 | 1,945 | 2,336 | 999 | -208 | 4,696 |
| Net change in cash | 571 | 155 | -628 | 459 | -910 | 761 | 208 | -1,116 | 180 | 539 |
| Free cash flow | -2,416 | -1,029 | -1,056 | -1,774 | -826 | -1,417 | -1,621 | -1,542 | 833 | -2,935 |
| Interest paid | 1,066 | 1,676 | 1,794 | 1,651 | 1,683 | 1,718 | 1,758 | 2,184 | 2,538 | 2,692 |
| Income taxes paid | -148 | -410 | 172 | 276 | 64 | 93 | 146 | 132 | 176 | 284 |
Key metrics
Profitability
| Metric | Value | How it is calculated |
|---|---|---|
| Operating margin | 24.2% | Operating income / revenue. |
| EBITDA margin | 44.7% | EBITDA (operating income + depreciation and amortization) / revenue. |
| Pre-tax margin | 16.6% | Pre-tax income / revenue. |
| Net margin | 14.5% | Net income / revenue. |
| FCF margin | -11.5% | Free cash flow (cash from operations - capital expenditures) / revenue. |
| Operating cash flow margin | 32.4% | Cash from operations / revenue. |
| Effective tax rate | 15.5% | Income tax / pre-tax income, when pre-tax income is positive. |
| Return on assets (ROA) | 2.8% | Net income / average total assets. |
| Capex / revenue | 43.9% | Capital expenditures / revenue. |
| D&A / revenue | 20.5% | Depreciation and amortization / revenue. |
Growth
| Metric | Value | How it is calculated |
|---|---|---|
| Revenue growth, 1y | 10.4% | Revenue vs the same period a year earlier. Only from a positive base. |
| Revenue CAGR, 3y | 0.3% | Compound annual growth of revenue over 3 fiscal years: (end / start)^(1/3) - 1. Only when both values are positive. |
| Revenue CAGR, 5y | 7.0% | Compound annual growth of revenue over 5 fiscal years: (end / start)^(1/5) - 1. Only when both values are positive. |
| Operating income growth, 1y | 3.1% | Operating income vs the same period a year earlier. Only from a positive base. |
| Operating income CAGR, 3y | 10.7% | Compound annual growth of operating income over 3 fiscal years: (end / start)^(1/3) - 1. Only when both values are positive. |
| Operating income CAGR, 5y | 8.3% | Compound annual growth of operating income over 5 fiscal years: (end / start)^(1/5) - 1. Only when both values are positive. |
| EBITDA growth, 1y | 8.0% | EBITDA vs the same period a year earlier. Only from a positive base. |
| EBITDA CAGR, 3y | 12.2% | Compound annual growth of ebitda over 3 fiscal years: (end / start)^(1/3) - 1. Only when both values are positive. |
| EBITDA CAGR, 5y | 8.7% | Compound annual growth of ebitda over 5 fiscal years: (end / start)^(1/5) - 1. Only when both values are positive. |
| Net income growth, 1y | -1.4% | Net income vs the same period a year earlier. Only from a positive base. |
| Net income CAGR, 3y | 7.2% | Compound annual growth of net income over 3 fiscal years: (end / start)^(1/3) - 1. Only when both values are positive. |
| Net income CAGR, 5y | 6.8% | Compound annual growth of net income over 5 fiscal years: (end / start)^(1/5) - 1. Only when both values are positive. |
| EPS growth, 1y | -1.8% | EPS vs the same period a year earlier. Only from a positive base. |
| EPS CAGR, 3y | 6.3% | Compound annual growth of eps over 3 fiscal years: (end / start)^(1/3) - 1. Only when both values are positive. |
| EPS CAGR, 5y | 6.0% | Compound annual growth of eps over 5 fiscal years: (end / start)^(1/5) - 1. Only when both values are positive. |
| Operating cash flow growth, 1y | 0.1% | Operating cash flow vs the same period a year earlier. Only from a positive base. |
| Operating cash flow CAGR, 3y | 15.9% | Compound annual growth of operating cash flow over 3 fiscal years: (end / start)^(1/3) - 1. Only when both values are positive. |
| Operating cash flow CAGR, 5y | 7.9% | Compound annual growth of operating cash flow over 5 fiscal years: (end / start)^(1/5) - 1. Only when both values are positive. |
| Free cash flow growth, 1y | -452.3% | Free cash flow vs the same period a year earlier. Only from a positive base. |
| Dividend per share growth, 1y | 2.8% | Dividend per share vs the same period a year earlier. Only from a positive base. |
| Dividend per share CAGR, 3y | 2.9% | Compound annual growth of dividend per share over 3 fiscal years: (end / start)^(1/3) - 1. Only when both values are positive. |
| Dividend per share CAGR, 5y | 3.0% | Compound annual growth of dividend per share over 5 fiscal years: (end / start)^(1/5) - 1. Only when both values are positive. |
| Book value growth, 1y | 8.5% | Book value vs the same period a year earlier. Only from a positive base. |
| Book value CAGR, 3y | 5.8% | Compound annual growth of book value over 3 fiscal years: (end / start)^(1/3) - 1. Only when both values are positive. |
| Book value CAGR, 5y | 5.2% | Compound annual growth of book value over 5 fiscal years: (end / start)^(1/5) - 1. Only when both values are positive. |
| Total assets growth, 1y | 7.3% | Total assets vs the same period a year earlier. Only from a positive base. |
| Total assets CAGR, 3y | 4.9% | Compound annual growth of total assets over 3 fiscal years: (end / start)^(1/3) - 1. Only when both values are positive. |
| Total assets CAGR, 5y | 4.8% | Compound annual growth of total assets over 5 fiscal years: (end / start)^(1/5) - 1. Only when both values are positive. |
| Share count change, 1y | 0.6% | Change in diluted weighted shares vs a year earlier. Negative means buybacks shrank the share count; positive means dilution. |
| Share count change per year, 3y | 0.9% | Change in diluted weighted shares, per year over 3 years. Negative means buybacks shrank the share count; positive means dilution. |
| Share count change per year, 5y | 0.8% | Change in diluted weighted shares, per year over 5 years. Negative means buybacks shrank the share count; positive means dilution. |
Balance sheet health
| Metric | Value | How it is calculated |
|---|---|---|
| Current ratio | 0.65x | Current assets / current liabilities. |
| Quick ratio | 0.06x | (Cash + short-term investments + receivables) / current liabilities. |
| Cash ratio | 0.06x | (Cash + short-term investments) / current liabilities. |
| Debt / assets | 46.4% | Total debt / total assets. |
| Liabilities / assets | 74.6% | Total liabilities / total assets. |
| Net debt | $71.87B | Total debt - cash - short-term investments. Negative means more cash than debt. |
| Net debt / EBITDA | 5.33x | Net debt / EBITDA (twelve months), when EBITDA is positive. |
| Interest coverage | 2.21x | Operating income / interest expense. |
| Working capital | -$5.36B | Current assets - current liabilities. |
| Goodwill and intangibles / assets | 3.5% | (Goodwill + intangible assets) / total assets. |
Efficiency
| Metric | Value | How it is calculated |
|---|---|---|
| Asset turnover | 0.19x | Revenue / average total assets. |
| FCF conversion | -79.4% | Free cash flow / net income, when net income is positive. |
| Capex / operating cash flow | 135.4% | Capital expenditures / cash from operations, when that is positive. |
Per share
| Metric | Value | How it is calculated |
|---|---|---|
| EPS, diluted | $3.87 | Net income per diluted share, as reported (split-adjusted). Over the last twelve months: the four quarters summed, or net income / latest diluted shares when a quarter has no reported EPS. |
| Revenue per share | $26.75 | Revenue / diluted weighted shares. |
| FCF per share | -$3.07 | Free cash flow / diluted weighted shares. |
| Operating cash flow per share | $8.67 | Cash from operations / diluted weighted shares. |
| Cash per share | $0.87 | (Cash + short-term investments) / shares outstanding. |
| Payout ratio | 70.0% | Dividends paid / net income, when net income is positive. |
Valuation
| Metric | Value | How it is calculated |
|---|---|---|
| Market cap | $95.34B | Share price x shares outstanding. |
| Enterprise value | $167.21B | Market cap + total debt - cash - short-term investments. |
| P/E | 21.9x | Market cap / net income. Only when net income is positive. |
| P/S | 3.16x | Market cap / revenue. |
| P/OCF | 9.75x | Market cap / cash from operations, when positive. |
| EV/Sales | 5.54x | Enterprise value / revenue. |
| EV/EBIT | 22.9x | Enterprise value / operating income, when both are positive. |
| EV/EBITDA | 12.4x | Enterprise value / EBITDA, when both are positive. |
| FCF yield | -3.6% | Free cash flow / market cap. |
| Earnings yield | 4.6% | Net income / market cap (the inverse of P/E). |
| Dividend yield | 3.2% | Dividends paid over the period / market cap. |
| Shareholder yield | 3.2% | (Dividends paid + share buybacks) / market cap. |
| PEG | 3.45x | P/E / EPS growth per year over 3 years (in percent). Only when both are positive. |
What was SOUTHERN CO's revenue in fiscal 2025?
SOUTHERN CO reported revenue of $29.55B for fiscal 2025, 10.4% higher than the year before.
Was SOUTHERN CO profitable in fiscal 2025?
Yes. Net income was $4.34B, a net margin of 14.7%.
How much free cash flow did SOUTHERN CO generate in fiscal 2025?
Cash from operations of $9.80B minus capital expenditures of $12.74B left free cash flow of -$2.94B.